Glossary
Common terms used in the panel beating and motor insurance industry, explained simply.
ADAS
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. Electronic systems in modern vehicles that assist the driver, including features like automatic emergency braking, lane departure warning, adaptive cruise control, and parking sensors. Many ADAS features rely on cameras and sensors that may require recalibration after accident repairs or windscreen replacement.
Assessor
A qualified professional appointed by an insurance company to evaluate vehicle damage, estimate repair costs, and determine whether repairs are economically viable. Assessors may inspect vehicles before, during, or after repairs to ensure work is completed to standard.
Betterment
An adjustment insurers may apply when new parts are used to replace worn or aged components. The rationale is that the vehicle owner benefits from having new parts instead of parts of similar age and condition to those damaged.
Code 3
In South Africa, a vehicle registration code indicating that a previously written-off vehicle has been rebuilt and re-registered. Code 3 vehicles must pass inspection before being returned to the road. The code remains on the vehicle's record permanently.
Excess
The amount the policyholder must pay towards a claim before the insurance cover applies. This is sometimes called a deductible. Excess amounts vary by policy and may be higher for certain types of claims or drivers.
OEM
Original Equipment Manufacturer. Parts or specifications that come from or are approved by the vehicle's manufacturer. OEM parts are generally identical to those the vehicle was built with, as opposed to aftermarket alternatives.
PDR
Paintless Dent Repair. A repair technique for removing minor dents and dings without affecting the vehicle's original paint finish. PDR is typically used for hail damage and small parking dents where the paint hasn't been damaged.
Salvage
A vehicle that has been declared a total loss by an insurer but still has value in its parts or as a rebuild project. Salvage vehicles are often sold at auction. The term also refers to the process of recovering usable parts from damaged vehicles.
Structural Repair
Repairs to the vehicle's structural components—the parts that form the safety cage and absorb impact in a collision. This includes the chassis, frame rails, pillars, and other load-bearing elements. Structural repairs require specialised equipment and expertise.
Write-off
A vehicle declared a total loss by an insurer because the cost of repairs exceeds a certain percentage of the vehicle's value, or because the vehicle cannot be safely repaired. Write-offs may be categorised based on the extent of damage.
Note: Definitions are provided for general understanding. Specific meanings may vary in different contexts or jurisdictions. Always confirm definitions with relevant professionals when dealing with specific situations.
Last reviewed: January 2026